Structural unemployment is often caused by

new technology

Explanation:

Structural unemployment is the type of unemployment that is caused by a massive change in industry.

For example, in the past newspaper delivery was a booming business since it is one of the main way people can receive their political information. Due to the development of websites and smart phones, this business can no longer thrive since it is far easier for people to consume their news on the site. This create massive unemployment in the newspaper industry.

no, dan should reduce his discretionary spending. not long-term goals involve more planning than short-term goals do

i have to go with a for this one