In the model, the basic logical structure is represented as an upside-down tree.

countries such as spain, france and portugal colonized the region. although most of latin america was colonized by spain, the countries of portugal and france also had major influences on the region. due to war and disease, native populations were decimated.

industry had made the u.s. the richest nation in the world at this time. the second industrial revolution caused growth in industry and transportation, which allowed increased trade between nations.