Afather in desperate need of money decided to hold up a local convenience store. determined not to harm anyone, he carried a toy gun that resembled a real gun. in the store, he pointed the toy gun at the clerk and demanded money. a customer who entered the store and saw the robbery in progress pulled his own gun and fired at the father. the bullet missed the father but struck and killed the clerk. the father was charged with felony murder. his argument for being found not guilty could be that he: