Which of the following is an example of a negative reinforcer? a. getting a low grade on an exam because you did not study. b. losing car privileges because you broke curfew. c. paying $15 to see a movie you did not like. d. cleaning your room to avoid your roommate’s nagging.

The answer is D. Cleaning your room to avoid your roommate's nagging, is an example of a negative reinforcer.

Explanation:

In operant conditioning there are two strategies to modify behavior, through reinforcement and through punishment. Reinforcement is targeted to repeat a wanted action or behavior and punishment is used when a certain behavior wants to be eliminated; there are two types of reinforcers, positive and negative, a positive reinforcer is a pleasant stimulus that is given when the desired behavior takes place, a negative reinforcer, however, is taking away or avoiding an unpleasant stimulus as a reward when the desired behavior takes place.

In this case, you clean your room to avoid an unpleasant stimulus, that is your roommate's nagging, therefore, it is a negative reinforcer, that can take you to repeat the desired behavior, that is, cleaning your room.

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