In a longitudinal study that will follow children from kindergarten through high school and will collect information about illegal activities, which of the following confidentiality procedures would protect against compelled disclosure of individually identifiable information?
a) using pseudonyms in research reports. b) securing a certificate of confidentiality. c) using data encryption for stored files. d) waiving documentation of consent.

the correct answer is B) Securing a Certificate of Confidentiality.

Explanation:

Certificates of Confidentiality (COC) help researchers protect the privacy of human research participants enrolled in sensitive research. They protect against mandatory legal demands, such as court orders and subpoenas, for identifying information or identifying features of a research participant.

1. artillery

2. jose san martin

3.their economies remained dependent on outside powers.

4. drafted new economies

5. democracies have replaced dictatorships

it should be d or b but i'm sure it's d