In their study of white middle-class families in iowa who were under economic pressure, elder and conger found that fathers in these families .

were more irritable and hostile toward their wives and children

Explanation:

According to my research on the "The Influence of Parental Socialization Factors on Family  Farming Plans of Pre-adolescent Children:  An Exploratory Analysis"  written by Angela R. Wiley, Timothy Bogg, and Moon Ringo University of Illinois.

It can be said that based on the information provided in this question as well as the information from the study described in the study above, Elder and Conger found that fathers in these families were more irritable and hostile toward their wives and children.

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