As carolyn walks through a shopping mall, she happens to pass an older woman sitting on a bench clutching her arm and moaning in pain. the presence of many other shoppers in the mall will most likely increase the probability that carolyn will:
a. experience contempt for the older woman.
b. the woman by calling an ambulance.
c. experience a sense of empathy for the older woman.
d. fail to notice the older woman's problem.
e. experience the emotional benefits of altruism by the older woman.