Level 1 of moral development, includes 2 stages. the punishment and obedience orientation and the instrument and relativity orientation. briefly explain these two stages and give an example of each one.

Explanation:

Moral Development theory was given Lawerence Kohlberg.

it consists of three stages.  

Pre-conventional:

stage 1: punishment and obedience orientation :

In this stage, the child modeled as he is good to avoid punishment. if someone punished him/ her do wrong things.

For example: Usually, children try to show themselves that they are good at their level but when their parents punished them at something then they did wrong to satisfy their ego.

stage 2: Instrumental relativist orientation:

In this stage, the children start to believe that there is not only one viewpoint behind the reason but other people's viewpoints also do matter and believe that different people have different viewpoints.

Conventional :

stage 3: Good boy; nice girl

stage 4: Law and order orientation

Post-Conventional:

stage 5: Social contract orientation

stage 6: Universal ethical principal

it is a part of john locke's natural rights popular during the age of enlightenment that people had inalienable rights to life, liberty and property. this was reflected by thomas jefferson in his declaration of independence as rights to life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

another line in the declaration of independence is that people have certain rights just because they are human. humans are capable of obeying the three natural rights john locke mentioned making them governable by these laws and therefore entitled to these rights as well.

answer; collective security;