Suppose your teacher finishes class 30 minutes early on the day before an exam. she indicates taht you may leave, or stay on for an optional study period which will last for the remaining 30 minutes of the scheduled class time. you should:
-always choose to stay for the study period, since you have already paid for the class time.
-only choose to stay if you like the instructor, since the value obtained is highed than if you disliked the instructor
-only choose to stay if the additional benefits gained form the extra study session are greater than the additional cost of 30 mins more in class
-only choose to stay for the study session if you do not plan to study on your own for the exam

When you agree with a group because you want to be accepted by its members it is called

Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the midwest. martin has a quality and productivity problem in one part of the manufacturing process. he discovers that his workers aren't sure what to do. when he asks why they didn't ask questions, the universal reply is, "we midwesterners don't ask questions, we just do." martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for anyone who asks the most job-related questions each month that lead to process improvements. unfortunately, martin finds the program doesn't work. when he further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. as a group, workers still feel that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions. martin finds carmen, one of the workers that everyone else admires, and talks her into being the first to ask questions as part of the program. after about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions. refer to case 6.1. martin's plan failed initially because he didn't consider the power of on attitudes.

Awaiver of the requirement for documentation of informed consent may be granted when: the investigator has no convenient place to store signed consent forms separate from the research datathe only record linking the subject and the research is the consent document and the principal risk is a breach of confidentiality.potential subjects might find some of the research questions embarrassing, personal, or intrusivethe subjects are literate in their own language; however, they do not read, write, or speak english