New professors often have to concentrate very hard to give a lecture, and monitor themselves carefully to make sure they’re not talking too fast and that they are using appropriate and clear examples. more seasoned professors do not have to concentrate as much, and can talk clearly and engagingly, and keep an eye on students all at the same time. this example represents the transition from thinking to thinking as professors gain experience.
a. automatic; controlled
b. unconscious; conscious
c. controlled; automatic
d. random; systematic

c. Controlled; Automatic

Explanation:

Psychologists think that we always engaged in the automatic thinking process and controlled process.  

Controlled processing:

This processing needs attention and efforts to complete the task. it is intentionally done whatever we want to be done. We have to be conscious and remember what's going on and what we have to do. We always in control of these processes.  

For ex. when we learning how to ride a car, we have to pay attention to what we are doing.  

Automatic processing:

This processing doesn't need to pay more attention to task. we do not need to pay more attention to do any task. There is not so much need for more attention. for ex. a well-experienced car rider need not to pay more attention on car gear.

earlier philosophers whose work influenced the enlightenment included bacon, descartes, locke, and spinoza. the major figures of the enlightenment included beccaria, diderot, hume, kant, montesquieu, rousseau, adam smith, and voltaire. it spread the ideas of the enlightenment across europe and beyond.

answer; positivist; postpositivist;