Two children, jane and joan, have been eyeing a new water pistol in the local toy store for months. each is convinced that her parents will buy her the water pistol as soon as summer comes. yesterday, jane's parents bought her the water pistol, which turned out to be the last one in the store. as soon as joan found out, she had a temper tantrum and hit jane in the stomach. best explains joan's behavior. a) social exchange theory. b) frustration-aggression theory. c) social learning theory. d) the emotional consistency effect.

Most sociologists agree that: a. culture is central in shaping gender roles, but only in preliterate societies. b. biological factors have some influence, but cultural factors are more important determinants of gender roles. c. biological factors are influential in determining gender roles, but only in industrial or complex societies. d. biological factors only explain differences between men and women with regard to aggression and disease. e. there is no difference between the influences of culture or biology on the development of gender roles, as they are unpredictable.