William is taking part in an experiment. william is instructed to tickle his own nose, and as a result, he is about to sneeze. before he sneezes, a research assistant shines a light in his eyes. after many repetitions of this behavior, when the research assistant shines a light in his eyes, william feels like he has to sneeze. what is the conditioned stimulus (cs) in this scenario? a. william tickling his own nose b. william sneezing c. the light d. the researcher’s presence

Which two islands are closest to the mainland asia?

Pj conducts an experimental study on the effects of soft music during high stakes science testing. he randomly assigns students at the school. in one condition he does not provide music for testing while in the other group he does provide the music. he administers a pretest at the beginning of the year and a posttest at the end of the year. pj’s design is best described as a: a.static group comparisonb. pretest-posttest control group designc.control-group-time-series designd. nonrandomized control-group pretest-posttest design

Dr. robbins wants to know if there are different opinions regarding the value of public school education between native americans who have at least one relative who attended indian boarding school and native americans who have no family experience with indian boarding school. dr. robbins contacts 35 native american participants in each group. he wants each group to include younger as well as older adults, and a mix of male and female participants. he asks each person to complete a survey about their attitudes toward public education. the design of this study is: