Iprovide ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something i like. i punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something i don’t like. i am applying the principles of in an attempt to modify ralph’s behavior.

Operant Conditioning

Explanation:

Based on the information provided within the question you seem to be applying the principles of Operant Conditioning. This is a learning method designed by American psychologist and Behaviorist Burrhus Frederic Skinner in 1938, in which different behaviors are met with either a reward or a punishment in order to encourage or deter certain behaviors. Which is what you seem to be doing with Ralph by reinforcing a behavior with a candy bar or deterring it with a squirt gun.

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i believe the answer is:   psychological  experiment

in this experiment, wilhelm wundt became the first person that implement scientific method in analyzing the pyschological phenomenon.

due to this result, wilhelm wundt also able to make psychology to be acknowledged as a separate scientific field from biology.