The effect of substitution bias is that the rise in the price of a fixed basket of goods over time tends to the rise in a consumer’s true cost of living, because it doesn’t take into account that the person can substitute between goods according to changes in their relative prices.

The correct answer is: overstate

Explanation:

The substitution bias in economic index numbers appears when the possibility of a consumer  to change the consumption of a good - that has become more expensive relative to others - for a cheaper one, is ignored. Thus, looking at the CPI (Consumer Price Index), as an indicator of how much the consumer cost of living has raised over time, without eliminating the substitution bias, can over-estimate this inflation effect.

this is an outline for the decisions that frankie is going to make

opportunity cost

willingness to buy

price or quality

of course, there could be many economic strategies that should be considered important while making decision. opportunity cost is the foremost significant factor while considering any economic option. when you buy something, you should know how much you are forgoing for this product. indeed, you could buy something different with this measure if you changed your mind. willingness to buy shows how much surplus you are earning while making a decision. it is important because it shows you buy what you want or you buy because you have only limited amount of money. the price or quality can be considered as a general economic option that we are applying while buying something. when you buy something, price or quality could be one of the options. indeed, they define the characteristics of the product.    

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