Provide capital for industrial expansion

Several factors led to the rise of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800's. New technologies like steam engines, railroads, and telegraphs made communication and transportation easier. The ability to source and transport materials across the country with ease turned many local businesses into national companies.

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Industrial expansion was made possible through the acquisition of large amounts of raw materials, such as iron, coal, and oil.

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The answer is society was a caste like system with poor whites at the bottom of the white social ladder.