Wealthier countries have lower values than poorer countries for all of the following demographic measures except:
a) crude birth rate
b) life expectancy infant mortality rate
c) natural increase rate
d) total fertility rate

Wealthier countries have lower values than poorer countries for all of the following demographic measures except natural increase rate.

Explanation:

The transition in the economic history of countries occurs when they  move from a regime of low prosperity, high child mortality and high fertility to a state of prosperity, low child mortality and low fertility. This demographic transition is totally related to economic growth.

The natural increase rate has no significant impact in this transition. Many researches have shown that this indicator is not relevant for this transition

you answered your own : -/

conformal maps greatly distort _sizes_ of continents in higher latitudes.

the answer is sizes.