The heckscher–ohlin model assumes that: a) consumer tastes within each country have no effect on international trade. b) consumer tastes are the same in the two countries and invariant with respect to income. c) consumer tastes are different in the two countries and have no effect on international trade. d) consumer tastes are different in the two countries and invariant with respect to income.

B). Consumer tastes are the same in the two countries and invariant with respect to income.

Explanation:

As per the given question, the Heckscher- Ohlin model exemplifies an economic theory that unrealistically assumes that consumer tastes are similar in two countries and invariant with respect to income. Such an unrealistic assumption is proposed in this theory to divert the focus towards other elements that contribute to affecting the trade and prices as the chief aim is to evaluate and analyze trade and it's equilibrium in two countries. Thus, option B correctly asserts the assumption of the Heckscher–Ohlin Model.

according to classical republican political theory, which democratic republics would function best?

a.   small republics, with people who had similar interests

b.   large republics, with people who had competing interests

c.   republics made up entirely of landowners

d.   republics made up entirely of servants

this statement is true.

forests are public goods, available for everybody. when usage of such a good becomes interesting for consumers and its usage increases, there can be a risk of overexploitation. it is a non rival good therefore, if one person consumes the good it does not reduce the availability for subsequent consumers.

these caracteristics require the establishment of measures in order to prevent the destruction of a commonly owned space, for example, to restrict the amount of people that have access to the same time.