Atheory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness.

Signal detection theory.

Explanation:

It's a theory meant to quantify the signal and the noise measuring the ability to differentiate between information-bearing patterns (stimulus in organisms, signal in machines) from random patterns (noise) that distracts from the information.

In the field of electronics, the separation of such patterns from a disguising background is referred to as signal recovery.

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