Gilbert would like to foster goal commitment in his department. he decides to do this by encouraging the collaboration of employees and leaders on setting the specific proficiency level and due date for a major production goal so that the employees feel a sense of ownership over the goal. gilbert has implemented a strategy known as

Participation

Explanation:

When non-managerial employees are involved in the process of decision making in an organization, this is referred to as employee participation or simply participation. This gives employees a sense of belonging and satisfaction as being valued in the workplace and thus increase their levels of involvement.  The major reasons why employees are involved in their workplace is to foster goal commitment, increase their efficiency and productivity level, promote peace in the workplace, ensure worker's satisfaction of self-expression, and to allow opinion voicing and knowledge sharing.  It also helps in improving the relationship between employees and their managers.

the answer is:

c. economic output