Ryan was purchasing a new garden hose at wal-mart when he heard raised voices in the next aisle. when the cart came around the corner, he had to move quickly to dodge an exploring preschool age child followed by an "out of control" mother. the mother threatened the child with punishment, but never gave him any information concerning the behavior that she expected. it was a continual "don’t…or i will…" she finally grabbed the child, forced him into the cart and proceeded to tell him how "bad" he was. as ryan watched the tearful and frightened child roll out of sight, he knew he had witnessed a(