Fred is on a popular tv game show where you can win $1,000,000. he is currently at $16,000 and is not totally certain if he knows the answer to the $32,000 question. his decision could be influenced if the host says "you can take the $16,000 and go home, and that's a lot of money," or "$32,000 is way more money than $16,000." there is a tendency for the contestants to do whatever the host suggests, and fred will probably be no different. this is the effect of
a. framing.
b. an availability heuristic.
c. an additive strategy.
d. a representativeness heuristic.