The author defines metaphors as comparisons between two seemingly different things that share something important in common. metaphors are ones that resonate deeply across time and cultures, and are used to dramatize fundamental aspects of human experience such as "light and darkness," "the seasons," and height ("high" and "low").

The answer is primary metaphors.

Explanation:

Primary metaphors are based on a clear, side by side comparison of two concepts. This way, the meaning is fairly easy to interpret and does not require any specialised knowledge (that could happend in root metaphors, which are specific to a culture or identity) nor overanalysis, as could occur with complex metaphors.

Something interesting is that many primary metaphors may be considered by some as dead metaphors, which have become so familiar to readers that its use is now seen as "cheesy".

idk if you found them already or not but you probably did but the one closer to sea level is raleigh.

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)