Joanne had always had great birthday parties, so she was excited for her
18th birthday. however, when the day came, she was disappointed. this
illustrates the

The answer is the Adaptation-level theory.

Explanation:

The Adaptation-level theory consists of the different judgments that a person does of a stimulus. These judgments are usually based on his or her prior experiences and how he or she perceived other similar stimuli during his or her past. This theory is used to make interpretations related to psychological findings.

This theory was developed by the American psychologist Harry Helson and he stated that adaptation levels are different according to the person and according to the situations. The adaptation-level theory is usually applied in terms of attitudes, light or sounds as well as in other aspects.  

the following men who did not in the unification of italy were.

a) giuseppe mazzini

c) alexander ll

the other two men were camilo cavour and giuseppe garibaldi they the unification of italy by yielding territories in the italian unification. in 1861 italy was declared a united-nation state under the sardinian king victor immanuel ll.