Astudent of organizational communication, john is studying how the target of a communication shapes the communication. in his studies, he notes that the technical professionals tend to not tell middle managers about problems they are having with the system or about shutdowns they will implement to change something. this isn't a problem for john because he hears about the system shut downs from the is department secretary who calls him up to warn him about 10 minutes before the system goes down. however, up and down the hall, john can hear managers swearing, as the system goes down and their work disappears for anywhere from 15 minutes to a couple of hours. the marketing manager tends to work fairly hard at keeping the sales and operation managers current on her plans for product campaigns so the sales people can talk about them and operations can make sure there is enough product on hand to meet demand. the problem with the lack of communication between the technical professionals and the middle managers is an example of a lack of:

What is meant by a symmetrical unimodal distribution? a. a distribution is the frequency at which a certain value of a variable is obtained during a study. a symmetric unimodal distribution is a distribution where there is one value with a larger frequency than any other and the pattern of frequencies on the left and right of this larger frequency are mirror images of each other. b. a distribution is a pattern of frequencies for the various values of a variable collected in a study. a symmetric unimodal distribution is a distribution where there is one value with a larger frequency than any other and the pattern of frequencies on the left and right of this larger frequency are mirror images of each other. c. a distribution is the frequency at which a certain value of a variable is obtained during a study. a symmetric unimodal distribution is a distribution where there is a uniform frequency, meaning the frequency of every value is same, and the pattern of frequencies on the left and right of this larger frequency are mirror images of each other.

The owner of a one-acre parcel of land with a small house on it rented the property to a professor of a nearby college at a monthly rental of $500. several years later, after the professor got tenure, the parties orally agreed that the professor would purchase the property from the owner for the sum of $60,000, payable at the rate of $500 a month for 10 years. they agreed that the owner would give the professor a deed to the property after five years had passed and $30,000 had been paid toward the purchase price, and that the professor would execute a note secured by a mortgage for the balance. the professor continued in possession of the property and made all monthly payments in a timely fashion. when he had paid $30,000, he tendered a proper note and mortgage to the property owner and demanded that she deliver the deed as agreed. the owner refused because valuable minerals had been discovered on adjacent parcels in recent months, causing the value of this parcel of land to increase to 10 times its former value. the professor brought suit against the property owner for specific performance. if the court rules in favor of the property owner, what is the likely reason?

The first national government for the united states was