Some researchers examining the validity of the implicit associations test (iat) have suggested that an absence of correlation between the iat and measures of explicit prejudice actually supports the iat's validity. this is because the iat is believed to measure unconscious, or implicit, prejudice. the result is that the validity of the iat can be supported whether correlations with other measure of prejudice are low or high. this is a problem for which of the six principles of critical thinking?

Dr. robbins wants to know if there are different opinions regarding the value of public school education between native americans who have at least one relative who attended indian boarding school and native americans who have no family experience with indian boarding school. dr. robbins contacts 35 native american participants in each group. he wants each group to include younger as well as older adults, and a mix of male and female participants. he asks each person to complete a survey about their attitudes toward public education. the design of this study is: