Those who are interested in the outcome of a case, but are not formal litigants, sometimes submit briefs, raising points of view and presenting information that they hope will influence the supreme court's decision

Amicus curiae

Explanation: Amicus curiae is the person who provides case related information, guidance,expertise,interest in that field etc to the court which can help and impact the case in influential manner.

Amicus curiae is not the person that belongs or is part of case rather provides information as external factor working for the court.He/she is also remarked as "friend of the court"

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answer; i believe that the correct answer is ( troxel v. granville);