"exception questions, such as when was this not a problem for you? and when was this not so bad? and the formula-first session task, in which clients consider what aspects of their lives they want to remain the same, are important components of "

Solution-focused therapy.

Explanation:

Exception questions, and the formula-first session task, in which clients consider what aspects of their lives they want to remain the same, are important components of solution-focused therapy. Exception, as described by Steve de Shazer, is the time in which a client is free from his problems. The formula first-session task asks the client what he wants in his life to remain as it was.

the answer is d.index

i believe the answer is: returns on investments, no wages

people who belong in upper class society would most likely get there by obtaining multiple source of income, which a certain percentage of ownership for businesses. since most of them are job creator, they would most likely get their money from profit, not wages.