Last year, dr. moritano cleaned natacha's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each of a series of painful rabies vaccination shots. which of the following processes accounts for the fact that natacha currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol?
1. classical conditioning
2. negative reinforcement
3, latent learning
4. operant conditioning

The answer is 1. classical conditioning.

Explanation:

Classical conditioning refers to the association of a conditioned stimulus (the alcohol in this case) with an unconditioned stimulus (the pain produced by the vaccinations), thus provoking an conditioned response (fear).

Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov is famous for his research on classical conditioning. In one experiment, he would ring a bell every time he was going to feed a dog. Soon, the dog started salivating at the sound of the bell.

answer; ///the above statement is (true); //

the most likely outcome of fewer loon territories is that hawks would increase in proportion because the benefit of victory would be greater. hawks and loons are natural rivals of resources and victories in the game, since the lakes drying up affected the loons, the hawks would be benefited from the drought.