Melvin is an elementary-school teacher who rewards his students with extra playing time whenever they do well on a class assignment. in this scenario, which of the following techniques is melvin using to motivate his students to work harder?

a. observational learning
b. counterconditioning
c. insight learning
d. positive reinforcement

Which of the following is true of cultural syndromes of distress? a. it refers to attributing pathological symptoms to normative cultural differences. b. refers to misinterpreting culturally sanctioned behavior as expressions of pathological symptoms. c. it refers to the ways that communities and cultural groups communicate and express their distressing thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. d. it refers to patterns of symptoms that tend to cluster together for individuals in specific cultural groups, communities, or contexts.