Which of the following was not a major cause of a largescale loss of life in late medieval western europe ?

a: famine
b: the crusades
c: the hundred years’ war
d: the bacterium yesenia pestis

D the bacterium Yesenia pestis

Explanation:

Because A,B,C were impotent events

the correct answer is individualism and exchange. at this stage, children begin to question the rules, because they can see that there is more than one side to them. different individuals have different viewpoints. they won't be able to reach this stage because of ignorance, a lack of ethics or personal biases. that is because people with that characteristiscs are not able to distinguish what is good or what is bad and they can't pursue their individual interests.

abu bakr, was a senior companion and—through his daughter aisha—a father-in-law of the islamic prophet muhammad. abu bakr became the first openly declared muslim outside muhammad's family. abu bakr served as a trusted advisor to muhammad.