Amir was a first responder in an accident. his fight-or-flight response kicked in right away. this would result in the release of and the short-term effect of

adrenaline, stress

Explanation:

In every harmful situation, the body has a natural tendency to enter into the fight-or-flight response.

Fight-or-flight response- This is a physiological response of a person's body in the event of danger. This term was coined by Walter Bradford Canon, an American physiologist and professor. According to him, when a person faces a harmful event, it triggers the sympathetic nervous system to either "fight" the situation or "flee" from it. Once this happens, the person's adrenal gland becomes activated.

Adrenal gland- This is the gland responsible for the release of hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, aldosterone, etc.

The activation of the adrenal gland, prompts it to release the adrenaline, which is also known as the fight-or-flight hormone. The body will now prepare to either fight or flee. This explains the first answer above regarding Amir's situation.

Once the body responds, it will now exhibit short-term effect of stress. This includes: increase heart rate, flushing, shaking, constriction of the blood vessels in the body, relaxation of bladder, dilation of the pupils and many more! This explains the second answer above.

swahili is an extremely rich and complex civilization, a set of ethnic groups articulated by a language and a series of cultural elements that fuse the african traditions, islam and indian culture. this growth was largely a result of the indian ocean trading network that brought in not just man-made riches, but also religious ideas, specifically islam, which had a significant impact on the local culture. furthermore, the development of the swahili language gave a common cultural unity to the people.