Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling francis. eventually, francis starts to squirm and giggle every time mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled.
in this example, tongue clicking is a(n)

a. conditioned stimulus
b. conditioned response
c. unconditioned response
d. unconditioned stimulus

Option A, conditioned stimulus , is the right answer.

Explanation:

The conditioned stimulus is a component of the education theory of Classical Conditioning. In such a theory, a conditioned stimulus is a vague stimulus that triggers some kind of response when matched or amalgamated with an unconditioned stimulus. The response that occurs is then referred to as conditioned response.

In simple terms, it makes an organism respond to something as it is related to something else.

i heard they are taking it off i hope this isn't true but otherwise if it doesn't get taken off it will probably be in early december or early january of 2018-2019

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.