Sanjay refuses to pay income tax because he believes that the government uses tax revenue to support war efforts, and he doesn't believe that violence is an acceptable way to solve problems. he is willing to go to jail for his belief. sanjay is best classified as being in kohlberg's level of moral development.

Sanjay is best classified as being in Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral development.

Explanation:

Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral development encompasses individuals who believe that moral value depends less on compliance with prevailing moral and social norms and more on their orientation according to universal ethical principles, such as the right to life, freedom, justice. For these people, social norms must have underlying universal ethical principles and, sometimes, there can be contradiction, imposing the need to hierarchize the principles and norms.

In short, people who fit this level of moral development, like Sanjay, believe that their principles and beliefs are more important than social norms (like paying taxes) and are willing to disobey what is treated as right by society for the sake of your convictions.

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.