Emphasizing the scientific methodology of problem statement, hypothesis formulation, and subsequent testing, is an approach that stresses the dynamic relationship between the social and economic aspects of culture and the environment in understanding culture change.

Processual Archaeology

Explanation:

Processual Archaeology refers to a research approach based on the philosophy of logical positivism. It uses scientific research methodologies to develop our understanding of historical cultures and how the culture has evolved over the years. The effect of factors like socio-economic aspects and environmental aspects are on culture are often investigated using this approach.  In the given statement, all these factors are discussed and therefore, it can be said with evidence that the research approach is processual archaeology.

the correct answer is "c": the pillars proclaimed his regret at the bloodshed at the battle of kalinga and his conversion to buddhism.

the kalinga war is considered as one of the largest battles in the history of india. it was fought between the between the maurya empire, which ruled the lands of what is now known as india at the time, and the independent feudal kingdom of kalinga.

the army of maurya empire, led by its king ashoka, fought a prolonged war against kalinga. the war ended around 262 bce with the victory of the maurya empire. it is believed that ashoka, after having witnessed the loss of many lives during this war, felt deep responsibility and eventually converted into buddhism.