Marcella is conducting a quasi-experiment that examines how childhood abuse impacts emotional perception in adults. she would like to make a casual conclusion about her data. that means marcella'a study must meet all the following requirements to establish causality.

Running and sleep. sufficient sleep is important for adolescents for both their neural and psychological development. despite this, daytıme sleepiness and poor physical and psychological functioning related to chronic sleep disturbances are common. there is a growing body of evidence that exercise is associated with both better sleep and improved psychological functioning sixty participants were recruited from a high school in northwesten switzerlandthey were randomly assigned to either a running group or a control group, 30 to each group the running group ran every moming for a little over 30 minutes on weekdays for a three-week period. all participants used a sleep log for subjective evaluation of sleep, and sleep was also objectively assessed at the beginning and end of the study using a sleep electroencephalographic device that measured quantities such as sleep efficiency and time spent in the four different sleep phases. running was found to have a positive impact on both objective and subjective measures of sleep functioning what are the explanatory variable(s) and the response variable(s)? (a) outline the design of the experiment (b) (c) here are some more details on the treatment and control groups. all participants arrived at school at 7 a.m., and the running group did two laps on the track and then ran cross countrv in groups of at least four people for 30 minutes the control group remained seated at the track, worked on horpework. and interacted with each other. when the runners returned, all participants prepared for school and ate a breaktast that was provided. iwhy do you think the experimenters had the control group arrive at 7 am interact withdassmates and have breaktast together? explain. do you think having the control eroup do these activities is important for the types of conclusion that can be reached? how?

Which two characteristics belong to mahayana buddhism. a.followers worship and offer animal sacrifice at festivals b.a followers highest aim is to attain the status of a bodhisattva c.an emphasis is placed on fulfilling sensual pleasure d.this form of buddhism is the most acient for od buddhism that exists today e.followers belive that everyone is capable of attaining enlightenment

Why is this statement not a hypothesis? sunflowers require soil and plenty of sunlight and water to grow and thrive. a. it is a well-known fact. b. it is a proven theory. c. it is not falsifiable. d. it is difficult to test.