In ch. 4 mill of utilitarianism says that utilitarians "hold, that the mind is not in a right state, not in a state conformable to utility, not in the state most conducive to the general happiness, unless it does love virtue . . as a thing desirable in itself, even although, in the individual instance, it should not produce those other desirable consequences which it tends to produce, and on account of which it is held to be virtue." 1. explain this idea. is he rejecting or contradicting his own idea that our ultimate desire is happiness?

In chapter four, Mills explains how virtue in the end is desired once virtue composes a part that leads to happiness.

Explanation:

Mills is not contradicting the idea of happiness as the ultimate desire, since, in this chapter the author mentions that utilitarianism is valid, because it leads to the fact that something is desirable just because of someone desires it. He says happiness is considered a common good since everyone desires his own happiness. Therefore, happiness is considered a morality criteria.

Mills also explains that happiness is composed by several different parts and that one of those is virtue, that is not commonly desired by itself, but it is desired because it leads to happiness being one of the components. So, as virtue makes part of happiness, utilitarianism considers that virtue must be developed in order to achieve happiness as an end.

swahili is an extremely rich and complex civilization, a set of ethnic groups articulated by a language and a series of cultural elements that fuse the african traditions, islam and indian culture. this growth was largely a result of the indian ocean trading network that brought in not just man-made riches, but also religious ideas, specifically islam, which had a significant impact on the local culture. furthermore, the development of the swahili language gave a common cultural unity to the people.

can you explain it better