Literacy is a consequence of educational refoms as seen beginning in europe. what does"literacy" include? a. people expressed their culture in artistic ways. b. people learned to appreciate art. c. people learned education was important. d. people learned to read and write.

d. People learned to read and write

Explanation:

Literacy, although currently a wide and non-general concept, mainly refers to the ability of reading and writing.

In literacy, language is seen as an extremely important social and cultural method of communication. This encompasses the ability to communicate non-verbally (during the first stages of life) and continues with the capabilities of understanding the rules of language, which includes effective communication through different types of text.

Therefore, literacy, as a consequence of education reforms, include the ability of people to read and write.