After establishing a classically conditioned response to a tone, the experimenter then set up a second trial using a new stimulus, a red light. he repeatedly paired the new stimulus (the red light) with the conditioned stimulus from the first trial (the tone). this procedure resulted in the conditioned response being elicited by the red light alone, even though it had never been paired with the unconditioned stimulus. the experimenter has demonstrated a) extinction. b) higher order conditioning (second-order conditioning). c) learned . d) the partial reinforcement effect.

B) higher order conditioning (second-order conditioning).                                                                

Explanation:

Higher-Order Conditioning: In psychology, the term higher-order conditioning is also referred to as second-order conditioning which is a part of the classical conditioning theory, and is defined as a particular situation in which a specific stimulus that has been formerly a neutral stimulus is being paired or connected with a conditioned stimulus or CS to produce or create the exact same condition response as the CS or conditioned stimulus does.

In the question above, the experimenter has demonstrated the higher-order conditioning.

the most likely outcome of fewer loon territories is that hawks would increase in proportion because the benefit of victory would be greater. hawks and loons are natural rivals of resources and victories in the game, since the lakes drying up affected the loons, the hawks would be benefited from the drought.