If someone estimates the likelihood of events based on the ease with which they retrieve them from memory, they presume such events are common. this is called the

Answer is availability heuristic.

Explanation:

Heuristic is explained or described as an approach or method of solving problems through application of practical methods, though may not be perfect, but at least will be useful at that particular moment.

Availability heuristic, as one of the types of heuristic , can be described as a situation where an example that first come to mind on an issue or event is use to evaluate or solve a problem, or make an immediate decision. This might not be accurate or perfect, but useful at the time.

Another type or example of heuristic is representativeness heuristic.

i would say b probably

1. state-issued photo ids. provide them for free for those who can't afford them.

2. the system we have seems to be working nearly perfectly. seems like about 31 cases per billion votes cast

3. the national policy for hiring new employees which requires proof of eligibility to work. there are something like 20 types of identification which can be used for this.