The typical patterns of a group, such as its usual relationships between men and women or students and teachers, are referred to as

The typical patterns are referred to as social structure.

Explanation:

Society has an order and a hierarchy. A certain structure as to the different roles everyone plays within it.

Social structures are known as typical patterns of institutionalized relationships, which develop within a group and can be, as the example states usual relationships between students and teachers.  

the answer your looking for is c. : )