Refers to crime fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research.

Evidence Based Practice (EBP)

Explanation:

Today's evidence-based movement has its roots in the field of medicine, where an initial interest in patient health was gradually coupled with an equal interest in treatment effectiveness.

Starting in the mid-1800s, concurrent developments involving increased use of scientific methods, statistical analysis, and natural science discoveries increased interest in differentiating between effects.

the answer would be in this answer. someone already asked the question.  

d.

thist title points out that you are explaining the nature of the u.s. government. it is the most specific. a representative government consists of a government where decisions are taken according to a voting system. the most essential aspect of a representative government is found in the different structures where voting rights are granted to different groups of people. for example, voting for governor, mayor, president, local police chief etc.