Apolicy or program designed to redress past discrimination against minority groups and women through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities is

Affirmative action

Explanation:

Affirmative action is any measure to eliminate the possibility of past discriminatory practices in the present and prevent their recurrence in the near future. Traditionally many sections of society like women, persons with disabilities, minorities, and immigrants have faced discrimination. Affirmative actions aimed at redressing historical challenges.

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for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.