Contrary to the views of the british empiricists, the scottish realists argued that
a. innate ideas make up a substantial portion of consciousness
b. psychology could never be an empirical science because the observed and observer would be the same
c. sensation and reflection are the means by which all learning occurs
d. the objects and events of the world are directly knowable

D. the objects and events of the world are directly knowable

Explanation:

The Scottish realists believed that the scientific philosophy and factual grounds is what enforces realism. According to them, the factual nature of information and the senses used to gain that information is what leads to the accumulation of knowledge. This is not only true regarding the connection between the mind and the body but also true about the relationship between physical constructs around us. Hence, the Scottish realists argued that the objects and events of the world are directly knowable and derive from our knowledge of the past or adds to our current knowledge but is always based on facts and common sense.