Ethnocentrism is:
a. the adoption of a symbolic ethnicity for certain holidays or cultural events.
b. the idea that we should recognize differences across cultures without passing judgment on, or assigning value to, those differences.
c. the notion that ethnic ties are fixed in a deeply felt connection to one’s homeland culture.
d. the judgment of other groups by one’s own standards and values.

D

Explanation: Ethnocentrism is the judgment of other groups by one's own standarts and values.

The word "Ethnocentrism" can be divided into two, the first part is "ethnicity" and "centrism"; the first word describes a group of people who belongs and shares the same race and culture, if we mix it with the second word it will mean that we are only taking into consideration our own ethnicity as the most important.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

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