Ellen notices conspicuous examples of drunkenness around campus, which causes her to assume that everybody is drinking heavily. as a result, ellen begins to engage in binge drinking. this is an example of:
a) alcoholism.
b) false consensus effect.
c) competition drinking.
d) addiction.

False consensus effect

Explanation:

False consensus effect is a phenomenon in which people overestimate that how much people will agree with them is called false consensus effects. This is a cognitive bias in which thinks that their ideas are normal and most of the people will follow them. It is caused because of the availability of heuristics.

For instance, we are like our family members so we hare the same quality that our family possesses. In this term, people estimate that if people will follow their ideas, it will help them to grow healthily. It will increase our self-esteem. We all people are the same in somewhere regarding our ideas and belief.  

Thus in the above statement, Ellen perceives that all have heavenly dunked. So she also started binge drinking that is the example of a false consensus effect.  

the correct answer is "hematoma formation, with ligaments that are stretched, partially, of fully torn" ankle sprain are produced by an injury to the tough bands of tissue (ligaments) that surround and connect the bones of the leg to the foot. this causes several damage to the ankle including hematoma formation and ligament injury .