Lower-level managers who possess are effectively able to complete daily activities, and earn more credibility from their subordinates than comparable managers without them.

Technical skills

Explanation:

Lower-level managers who possess technical skills are effectively able to complete daily activities, and earn more credibility from their subordinates than comparable managers without them.

In the organizational setting, managers earn more respect and admiration from their subordinates if they are competent and possess technical skills necessary to carryout their duties with ease and such managers are a motivation to subordinates. On the contrary, a manager who lacks the necessary skills to do his or her job will not be much respected by his subordinates, he is seen as incompetent and does not engender any motivation to subordinates. Having the necessary technical skills as a manages helps in exercising personal authority over subordinates.

i disagree that there is little difference between adult female development and adult male development. sociological studies comparing female and male pathways to adulthood, revelead that there are sustancial differences between them. particularly, female and male differ from timing of marriage, when they began to live with children and the likelihood of combining wife/husband and parent roles.