After a particular legal issue has been decided in a jurisdiction, there is a high probability that subsequent cases that present the same legal issue will use the same rule of law generated from already-decided cases regarding the same legal issue. this policy is known as a. stare decisis b. bicameral c. precedent d. vice laws e. enabling legislation

In a citizens elect the president as head of government separate loy from the legislature

Tracey is a financial planner who received his cfp designation. tracey does not have any other designations or licenses. although tracey's expertise is investment planning, he is anxious to expand his client base and is willing to assist clients with any area of financial planning. over the last month tracey engaged in the following activities with troy, a new client.a. during the initial meeting, tracey collected personal data about troy including the estate planning documents troy had previously executed.b. during the second meeting, tracey recommended the use of a trust to fulfill some of troy's estate planning goals.c. troy called tracey one afternoon and asked if tracey could explain the probate process to him, which tracey promptly did.d. tracey downloaded a copy of a generic will from the internet, filled in troy's information and gave the document to troy to be executed.of the activities above, which would be considered the unauthorized practice of law?

Arecent challenge to the european union created by a member state is?