) state whether facts are good or bad, just or unjust, right or wrong; they place a value, negative or positive, on some action or practice.

Descriptive claims.

Explanation:

Descriptive claims are founded on the basis of the notion of how people act, and how they believe they ought to act. In simplest terms, these are the statements that describe the situation as it is. This approach explains what ethical system an individual or group employs, that is the value of that person or thing. For example, that ball is red or that person is tall.

answer is b shrapnel injuries

is there a year set? the question is incomplete