The term for an approach that simultaneously considers multiple categories of identity, difference, and disadvantage is .

Intersectionality.

Explanation:

As the exercise briefly explains, Intersectionality is an approach that simultaneously considers multiple categories of identity, difference, and disadvantages.  This is a network of theories that analize many aspects of an individual's social enviroment and how it determines it's identity. But it's not just about an individual, rather than it is a group's; for example feminism and the experience of middle class women and their own differences between that group, that could include violence because of their color, birthplace, religion, etc.

d - failures.

the only attempted british colony in north america before 1600 was roanoke, virginia, which was a total failure. england claimed several areas, including newfoundland, but made no sustainable attempts to colonize them before 1600.