Students taking an introductory class in a subject that is completely new to them often find that the material seems very disorganized and confusing in the beginning. As the class progresses, the information seems to become better structured and the students find it easier to integrate and interpret new material. One important reason for this happy change is that the students are developing that allow them to make sense of, organize, and utilize information in memory. a. prototypes
b. schemas
c. frames
d. feature lists

b. schemas

Explanation:

Students taking an introductory class in a subject that is completely new to them often find that the material seems very disorganized and confusing in the beginning. As the class progresses, the information seems to become better structured and the students find it easier to integrate and interpret new material. One important reason for this happy change is that the students are developing schemas that allow them to make sense of, organize, and utilize information in memory.

Schemas is simply a mental representation of knowledge which helps us in understanding concepts, it is a framework that helps organize and interpret new information. When there is an existing schema for a particular subject or topic, it becomes easier for the for newer information in that subject to be understood, retained to memory and easily recalled.